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Groundwater seepage methods in buildings
Many buildings and facilities suffer from groundwater leakage and its transfer to the ceilings and walls in an undesirable way, causing dampness in the facility, which leads to the spread of an unpleasant odor, peeling of wall paint, and erosion of construction in advanced stages. Below are the methods of groundwater leakage in buildings:

Hydrostatic pressure
Groundwater seeps into buildings in this way when the location of the building is close to large water bodies, as when rain falls or snow melts in the area, the soil near the water bodies becomes saturated with water, and this leads to a rise in the groundwater level above its natural height.

The high level of groundwater also includes a high level under the foundations of buildings, where proximity to water bodies leads to a rise in the level of groundwater above the level of the natural height of groundwater, resulting in hydrostatic pressure that pushes water through small cracks or any defects in the foundation of the building, causing leakage. .

Lateral pressure
As is the case in hydrostatic pressure, when the soil is saturated with water, it expands and generates lateral pressure, as the lateral pressure pushes water into the walls of the foundations of the building, causing leakage.

cellar windows
Where the windows of the basement or the settlement cause the accumulation of water in them, which leads to its leakage from its edges and then its entry through the glass windows.

Sources of groundwater leakage in buildings
Below is a group of sources of groundwater leakage in buildings: 

Defects in concrete walls
Concrete walls are poured into molds located on the sides of the walls, and these molds are installed with connecting rods. The function of these rods is to prevent separation of the molds due to the lateral pressure of the concrete when it is wet. There is an opportunity for groundwater to sediment through the voids that resulted from its movement and rarefaction.

brick joints
When the type of mixture used to stick the bricks together is not appropriate and has a somewhat high porosity, it constitutes an opportunity for leakage in the walls.

Porous spots in the walls
Porous spots are formed in the walls due to the wrong and insufficient mixing of concrete, or the wrong casting of it, which leads to the formation of porous spots that allow leakage to occur.

Defects in the jointing area between the walls
The foundation walls of the building are attached to the walls of the first floor together, and sometimes there is a gap in the area that connects them, which leads to allowing leakage through it.

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